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This study offers the first complete overview of the remarkable public finances of the Dutch Republic of the United Provinces. Wantje Fritschy has analysed the development and structure of its public revenue and expenditure. She argues that a ‘tax revolution’ and the ‘fiscal resilience’ of the provinces together were more important for its surprising performance than Holland’s public debt alone, and the institutional and economic characteristics of its ‘urban system’ were more important than wealth due to foreign trade. Comparisons with the fiscal systems of three more centralized states - the Venetian Republic, Britain and the Ottoman Empire - underline the crucial importance of long-term ‘urbanization trajectories’ in understanding early-modern fiscal performance. It was not because it was federal that the Dutch Republic collapsed.

Finance, Public --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- History. --- Finance, Public. --- Finanzwirtschaft. --- History --- Netherlands. --- Niederlande. --- History of the Netherlands --- anno 1500-1799 --- E-books --- Public finances --- Austrian Netherlands --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Batavia --- Belanda --- Beulanda --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Eben Eyong --- Háland --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- Hò-làn --- Holand --- Holanda --- Holandija --- Holandska --- Hōlani --- Holenda --- Holland --- Holland Királyság --- Hollandi --- Hollandia --- Hōrana --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Huland --- Hulanda --- Iseldiroedd --- Iseldiryow --- Ísiltír --- Izelvroio --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Katō Chōres --- Kē-tē-kok --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Kerajaan Landa --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígí --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Konungsríkið Holland --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Kralstvo Niderlandii͡ --- Landa --- Madalmaad --- Mamlakat Hūland --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Nederilande --- Nederlaand --- Nederlân --- Nederland --- Nederlande --- Nederlandene --- Nederlandia --- Nederlando --- Nederlands --- Néderlandzk --- Nederlatt --- Nederlendin Nutg --- Nedŏlland --- Neerlande --- Nethiland --- Niadaland --- Niderland --- Niderland Krallığı --- Niderlanddar --- Niderlande --- Nīderlandeja --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Niderlandʺi͡as --- Niderlandʺi͡as Korolʹuv --- Niderlandii͡ --- Niderlandla --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Niderlandsem --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkh --- Niderlandtæ --- Niderlandtar --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Niderlandy --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Niðurlond --- Niederlande --- Nirlan --- Nižozemska --- Nizozemsko --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalyst --- Olanda --- Ollandia --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Oranda --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ot͡si͡azorksshi Nederlatt --- Paes Bass --- Paesi Bassi --- Paîs Bas --- Pais Basse --- Países Baixos --- Países Bajos --- Países Baxos --- Paisis Bajus --- Països Baixos --- Paixi Basci --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Payis-Bâs --- Payises Bashos --- Pays-Bas --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Peyiba --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Reino di Hulanda --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Southern Netherlands --- Spanish Netherlands --- The Netherlands --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Tlanitlālpan --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Uholanzi --- Ulanda --- Ulanna --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Walanda --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- Economics

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In 2013, a Dutch newspaper reported that 'online theft kills one-man businesses'. The digitisation of society offers businesses opportunities, but also poses risks. However, scientific evidence on the extent to which businesses actually fall victim to cybercrime is scarce. This book contains the findings of a study into cybercrime victimisation among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME's) and One-Man Businesses (OMB's) in the Netherlands that was conducted from 2013 until 2015. Over 1200 SME's and more than 1,600 OMB's were surveyed. The report presents unique figures on the extent and impact of cybercrime amongst businesses. The results indicate that more than a quarter of Dutch businesses are confronted with cybercrime. Victims are self-reliant: they seldom contact law enforcement, but instead take action to prevent and solve cybercrime problems themselves. As a consequence, police lack insight into the nature and extent of cybercrime amongst SME's and OMB's, which hampers the ability of law enforcement to contribute effectively to the fight against cybercrime. This book will appeal to anyone interested in the digitisation of society and its implications for crime and law enforcement.

Computer crimes --- Prevention. --- Small business --- Victims of crimes surveys --- Victim surveys --- Victimization surveys --- Social surveys --- Computers and crime --- Cyber crimes --- Cybercrimes --- Electronic crimes (Computer crimes) --- Internet crimes --- Crime --- Privacy, Right of --- E-books --- Netherlands. --- Austrian Netherlands --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Batavia --- Belanda --- Beulanda --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Eben Eyong --- Háland --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- Hò-làn --- Holand --- Holanda --- Holandija --- Holandska --- Hōlani --- Holenda --- Holland --- Holland Királyság --- Hollandi --- Hollandia --- Hōrana --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Huland --- Hulanda --- Iseldiroedd --- Iseldiryow --- Ísiltír --- Izelvroio --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Katō Chōres --- Kē-tē-kok --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Kerajaan Landa --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígí --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Konungsríkið Holland --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Kralstvo Niderlandii͡ --- Landa --- Madalmaad --- Mamlakat Hūland --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Nederilande --- Nederlaand --- Nederlân --- Nederland --- Nederlande --- Nederlandene --- Nederlandia --- Nederlando --- Nederlands --- Néderlandzk --- Nederlatt --- Nederlendin Nutg --- Nedŏlland --- Neerlande --- Nethiland --- Niadaland --- Niderland --- Niderland Krallığı --- Niderlanddar --- Niderlande --- Nīderlandeja --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Niderlandʺi͡as --- Niderlandʺi͡as Korolʹuv --- Niderlandii͡ --- Niderlandla --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Niderlandsem --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkh --- Niderlandtæ --- Niderlandtar --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Niderlandy --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Niðurlond --- Niederlande --- Nirlan --- Nižozemska --- Nizozemsko --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalyst --- Olanda --- Ollandia --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Oranda --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ot͡si͡azorksshi Nederlatt --- Paes Bass --- Paesi Bassi --- Paîs Bas --- Pais Basse --- Países Baixos --- Países Bajos --- Países Baxos --- Paisis Bajus --- Països Baixos --- Paixi Basci --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Payis-Bâs --- Payises Bashos --- Pays-Bas --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Peyiba --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Reino di Hulanda --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Southern Netherlands --- Spanish Netherlands --- The Netherlands --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Tlanitlālpan --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Uholanzi --- Ulanda --- Ulanna --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Walanda --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden

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The contributions of Understanding the Sources of Early Modern and Modern Commercial Law: Courts, Statutes, Contracts, and Legal Scholarship show the wealth of sources which historians of commercial law use to approach their subject. Depending on the subject, historical research on mercantile law must be ready to open up to different approaches and sources in a truly imaginative and interdisciplinary way. This, more than many other branches of law, has always been largely non-state law. Normative, 'official', sources are important in commercial law as well, but other sources are often needed to complement them. The articles of the volume present an excellent assemblage of those sources. Anja Amend-Traut, Albrecht Cordes, Serge Dauchy, Dave De ruysscher, Olivier Descamps, Ricardo Galliano Court, Eberhard Isenmann, Mia Korpiola, Peter Oestmann, Heikki Pihlajamäki, Edouard Richard, Margrit Schulte Beerbühl, Guido Rossi, Bram Van Hofstraeten, Boudewijn Sirks, Alain Wijffels, and Justyna Wubs-Mrozewicz.

Commercial law --- Business --- Business law --- Commerce --- Law, Commercial --- Mercantile law --- Law --- Law merchant --- Maritime law --- History. --- Law and legislation --- Commercial law. --- Netherlands. --- Austrian Netherlands --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Batavia --- Belanda --- Beulanda --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Eben Eyong --- Háland --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- Hò-làn --- Holand --- Holanda --- Holandija --- Holandska --- Hōlani --- Holenda --- Holland --- Holland Királyság --- Hollandi --- Hollandia --- Hōrana --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Huland --- Hulanda --- Iseldiroedd --- Iseldiryow --- Ísiltír --- Izelvroio --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Katō Chōres --- Kē-tē-kok --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Kerajaan Landa --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígí --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Konungsríkið Holland --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Kralstvo Niderlandii͡ --- Landa --- Madalmaad --- Mamlakat Hūland --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Nederilande --- Nederlaand --- Nederlân --- Nederland --- Nederlande --- Nederlandene --- Nederlandia --- Nederlando --- Nederlands --- Néderlandzk --- Nederlatt --- Nederlendin Nutg --- Nedŏlland --- Neerlande --- Nethiland --- Niadaland --- Niderland --- Niderland Krallığı --- Niderlanddar --- Niderlande --- Nīderlandeja --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Niderlandʺi͡as --- Niderlandʺi͡as Korolʹuv --- Niderlandii͡ --- Niderlandla --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Niderlandsem --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkh --- Niderlandtæ --- Niderlandtar --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Niderlandy --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Niðurlond --- Niederlande --- Nirlan --- Nižozemska --- Nizozemsko --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalyst --- Olanda --- Ollandia --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Oranda --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ot͡si͡azorksshi Nederlatt --- Paes Bass --- Paesi Bassi --- Paîs Bas --- Pais Basse --- Países Baixos --- Países Bajos --- Países Baxos --- Paisis Bajus --- Països Baixos --- Paixi Basci --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Payis-Bâs --- Payises Bashos --- Pays-Bas --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Peyiba --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Reino di Hulanda --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Southern Netherlands --- Spanish Netherlands --- The Netherlands --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Tlanitlālpan --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Uholanzi --- Ulanda --- Ulanna --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Walanda --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- History --- Droit commercial --- Histoire.

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Birds --- Oiseaux --- Ornithologie. --- JEX6 --- Aves --- Avian fauna --- Avifauna --- Wild birds --- Birds. --- Netherlands. --- Amniotes --- Vertebrates --- Ornithology --- Austrian Netherlands --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Batavia --- Belanda --- Beulanda --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Eben Eyong --- Háland --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- Hò-làn --- Holand --- Holanda --- Holandija --- Holandska --- Hōlani --- Holenda --- Holland --- Holland Királyság --- Hollandi --- Hollandia --- Hōrana --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Huland --- Hulanda --- Iseldiroedd --- Iseldiryow --- Ísiltír --- Izelvroioù --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Katō Chōres --- Kē-tē-kok --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Kerajaan Landa --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígíí --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Konungsríkið Holland --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Kralstvo Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Landa --- Madalmaad --- Mamlakat Hūlandā --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Nederilande --- Nederlaand --- Nederlân --- Nederland --- Nederlande --- Nederlandene --- Nederlandia --- Nederlando --- Nederlands --- Néderlandzkô --- Nederlatt --- Nederlendin Nutg --- Nedŏllandŭ --- Neerlande --- Nethiland --- Niadaland --- Niderland --- Niderland Krallığı --- Niderlanddar --- Niderlande --- Nīderlandeja --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s Korolʹuv --- Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Niderlandla --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Niderlandsem --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkhĕ --- Niderlandtæ --- Niderlandtar --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Niderlandy --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Niðurlond --- Niederlande --- Nirlan --- Nižozemska --- Nizozemsko --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalystė --- Olanda --- Ollandia --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Oranda --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ot︠s︡i︠a︡zorksshi Nederlatt --- Paes Bass --- Paesi Bassi --- Paîs Bas --- Pais Basse --- Países Baixos --- Países Bajos --- Países Baxos --- Paisis Bajus --- Països Baixos --- Paixi Basci --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Payis-Bâs --- Payises Bashos --- Pays-Bas --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Peyiba --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Reino di Hulanda --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Southern Netherlands --- Spanish Netherlands --- The Netherlands --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Tlanitlālpan --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Uholanzi --- Ulanda --- Ulanna --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Walanda --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- Izelvroio --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígí --- Kralstvo Niderlandii͡ --- Mamlakat Hūland --- Néderlandzk --- Nedŏlland --- Niderlandʺi͡as --- Niderlandʺi͡as Korolʹuv --- Niderlandii͡ --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkh --- Nyderlandų Karalyst --- Ot͡si͡azorksshi Nederlatt

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Dutch literature --- Dutch literature. --- Netherlands --- Netherlands. --- Linguistics --- Literature --- Flemish literature --- Austrian Netherlands --- Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka --- Batavia --- Belanda --- Beulanda --- Çheer Injil --- Çheer y Vagheragh --- Eben Eyong --- Háland --- Herbehereak --- Herbehereetako Erresumaren --- Hò-làn --- Holand --- Holanda --- Holandija --- Holandska --- Hōlani --- Holenda --- Holland --- Holland Királyság --- Hollandi --- Hollandia --- Hōrana --- Huēyitlahtohcāyōtl in Tlanitlālpan --- Huland --- Hulanda --- Iseldiroedd --- Iseldiryow --- Ísiltír --- Izelvroio --- Karaleŭstva Nidėrlandy --- Katō Chōres --- Kē-tē-kok --- Keninkryk fan 'e Nederlannen --- Kerajaan Landa --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígí --- Keyatiya Nederlandan --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Konungsríkið Holland --- Kraljevina Holandija --- Kralojstwo Nederlandow --- Kralstvo Holandija --- Kralstvo Niderlandii͡ --- Landa --- Madalmaad --- Mamlakat Hūland --- Mamlekhet Artsot ha-Shefelah --- Nederilande --- Nederlaand --- Nederlân --- Nederland --- Nederlande --- Nederlandene --- Nederlandia --- Nederlando --- Nederlands --- Néderlandzk --- Nederlatt --- Nederlendin Nutg --- Nedŏlland --- Neerlande --- Nethiland --- Niadaland --- Niderland --- Niderland Krallığı --- Niderlanddar --- Niderlande --- Nīderlandeja --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Niderlandʺi͡as --- Niderlandʺi͡as Korolʹuv --- Niderlandii͡ --- Niderlandla --- Niderlandlany Korolevstvosu --- Niderlandsem --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkh --- Niderlandtæ --- Niderlandtar --- Niderlandtar Korollege --- Niderlandty Kʺarolad --- Niderlandy --- Niderlandyn Vant Uls --- Niðurlond --- Niederlande --- Nirlan --- Nižozemska --- Nizozemsko --- Nyderlandai --- Nyderlandų Karalyst --- Olanda --- Ollandia --- Oostenrijkse Nederlanden --- Oranda --- Oranda Ōkoku --- Ot͡si͡azorksshi Nederlatt --- Paes Bass --- Paesi Bassi --- Paîs Bas --- Pais Basse --- Países Baixos --- Países Bajos --- Países Baxos --- Paisis Bajus --- Països Baixos --- Paixi Basci --- Pajjiżi l-Baxxi --- Payis-Bâs --- Payises Bashos --- Pays-Bas --- Pays-Bas autrichiens --- Pays-Bas espagnols --- Pays-Bas méridionaux --- Peyiba --- Reeriaght ny Çheer Injil --- Reĝlando Nederlando --- Regni Nederlandiarum --- Regno del Paises Basse --- Regnu di i Paesi Bassi --- Reino di Hulanda --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Southern Netherlands --- Spanish Netherlands --- The Netherlands --- Tìrean Ìsle --- Tlanitlālpan --- Ubuholandi --- Ubuhorandi --- Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini --- Uholanzi --- Ulanda --- Ulanna --- Vasileio tōn Katō Chōrōn --- Walanda --- Zuidelijke Nederlanden --- هولندا --- مملكة هولندا --- Mamlakat Hūlandā --- Нидерландтар --- Нидерландтар Короллеге --- Нідэрланды --- Каралеўства Нідэрланды --- Izelvroioù --- Нидерландия --- Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Кралство Нидерландия --- Kralstvo Niderlandii︠a︡ --- Нидерландсем --- Нидерландсен Патшалăхĕ --- Niderlandsen Patshalăkhĕ --- Kéyah Wóyahgo Siʼánígíí --- Ολλανδία --- Κάτω Χώρες --- Βασίλειο των Κάτω Χωρών --- هلند --- Недерлендин Нутг --- 네덜란드 --- Nedŏllandŭ --- Нидерландтæ --- Нидерландты Къаролад --- הולנד --- ממלכת ארצות השפלה --- Нидерландла --- Нидерландланы Королевствосу --- Néderlandzkô --- Нидерланд --- Нидерланддар --- Нидерландъяс --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s --- Нидерландъяс Корольув --- Niderlandʺi︠a︡s Korolʹuv --- פאייסיס באשוס --- Nyderlandų Karalystė --- Холандија --- Кралство Холандија --- Недерлатт --- Оцязорксши Недерлатт --- Ot︠s︡i︠a︡zorksshi Nederlatt --- Нидерландын Вант Улс --- オランダ --- オランダ王国 --- Holland (Kingdom) --- Batavian Republic --- United Provinces of the Netherlands --- dutch literature --- literary studies --- literary criticism --- comparative literature --- gender studies